Answer
$d = \sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2}$.
Explanation
The distance formula is a direct algebraic application of the Pythagorean theorem $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$.
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What is the distance formula between two Cartesian points $(x_1, y_1)$ and $(x_2, y_2)$?
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