Answer
$Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}$, where $Z \sim N(0, 1)$.
Explanation
Standardization allows calculating probabilities such as $P(a \le X \le b)$ by converting values to standard deviations from the mean using standard $Z$-tables.
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How is a continuous random variable $X \sim N(\mu, \sigma^2)$ standardized into a standard normal variable $Z$?
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