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How is conditional probability calculated from a two-way contingency table on the SAT?

デッキ「Digital SAT Math: Algebra, Advanced Math & Geometry」の単語カード。

解答

$P(A|B) = \frac{\text{Number in category } A \text{ and } B}{\text{Total in condition category } B}$. Restrict your denominator strictly to the given condition group, not the grand total.

解説

Phrases like 'Given that the person is in group B...' or 'Of those who tested positive...' signal that the total sample space is restricted to group B.

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